Blood in Stool: Causes and Treatment

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What Does Blood in Stool Look Like?

Blood in stool can vary in appearance depending on where the bleeding originates:

• Bright-red blood: Bleeding from the lower colon, rectum, or anus.

• Dark-red or brown blood: Bleeding from the higher colon or small intestine.

• Black, tarry stool (melena): Bleeding from the stomach, often due to ulcers.

• Occult bleeding: Microscopic blood in the stool, detectable through lab tests.

Certain foods like beets, blackberries, and iron supplements can alter stool color but do not indicate actual bleeding.

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Causes of Blood in Stool

Blood in stool can result from various conditions, ranging from mild to severe. Some common causes include:

1. Hemorrhoids

Swollen veins in the rectum or anus can cause bright-red blood, especially after straining during a bowel movement.

2. Anal Fissures

Small tears in the anal lining, often caused by passing hard stools, can lead to bleeding and discomfort.

3. Diverticular Disease

Diverticula (small pouches in the colon wall) can become inflamed or bleed.

4. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis cause chronic inflammation, leading to bloody diarrhea.

5. Gastrointestinal Infections

Bacterial infections such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter can cause bloody diarrhea.

6. Colorectal Cancer and Polyps

Polyps are growths that may bleed and develop into cancer over time.

7. Peptic Ulcers

Sores in the stomach or small intestine caused by H. pylori infection or NSAID use can lead to black, tarry stools.

8. Ischemic Colitis

Reduced blood flow to the colon can cause bleeding and abdominal pain.

9. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Certain STIs, including syphilis and gonorrhea, can lead to rectal bleeding.

10. Blood Thinners

Medications like aspirin and warfarin increase bleeding risk and may cause blood in stool.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Blood in stool for more than three weeks

• Severe abdominal pain or cramps

• Unexplained weight loss

• Changes in bowel habits

• Heavy or continuous bleeding

Diagnosis of Blood in Stool

To determine the cause, a doctor may perform:

• Physical Exam & Medical History

• Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)

• Colonoscopy (examining the colon with a camera)

• Endoscopy (checking the upper GI tract)

• CT Scans or MRI for detailed imaging

• Blood Tests for anemia or infections

Treatment for Blood in Stool

Treatment depends on the underlying cause:

• Hemorrhoids & Anal Fissures: High-fiber diet, sitz baths, topical creams.

• Infections: Antibiotics or antiviral medications.

• IBD: Anti-inflammatory medications or immunosuppressants.

• Ulcers: Antibiotics for H. pylori and acid-reducing medications.

• Polyps or Cancer: Surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.

Preventing Blood in Stool

• Eat a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation.

• Stay hydrated.

• Avoid excessive alcohol and NSAIDs.

• Exercise regularly.

• Get routine colorectal cancer screenings if you are over 45.

Takeaways

Blood in stool can be due to minor issues like hemorrhoids or more serious conditions like colorectal cancer. If bleeding persists, consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

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FAQs

When should I worry about blood in my stool?

If bleeding lasts over three weeks, is heavy, or is accompanied by pain, weight loss, or other symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.

Can stress cause blood in stool?

Stress itself does not cause blood in stool, but it can worsen conditions like IBD, leading to bleeding.

What foods should I avoid if I have blood in my stool?

Spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine, and processed foods can irritate the digestive tract and should be limited.

Is bright-red blood in stool serious?

Bright-red blood is usually from hemorrhoids or anal fissures, which are not serious. However, if persistent, seek medical advice.

Can blood in stool go away on its own?

If caused by minor issues like hemorrhoids, it may resolve on its own. Persistent bleeding requires medical evaluation.